What is the hottest part of the human body?

 

Our body temperature may not get much hotter than 37°C, but inside our cells, the heat is more intense. Inside them, the temperature can reach scorching 50°C. Our cells “burn” food in oxygen to produce energy. Unlike a fire, this is a controlled process that involves several steps but still generates a lot of heat.

Pierre Rustin and his colleagues at INSERM, a French public organization exclusively dedicated to biological, medical and public health research, used a dye developed by a group in Singapore to measure the temperature inside the mitochondria of human kidneys and skin cells kept at 38°C Ç. they discoverargue that mitochondria operate at temperatures at least 6 to 10°C higher than the rest of the cell. While the French study is the first to look specifically at the temperature of mitochondria, another group made a similar finding in research with a different focus.

An article published in February by a team in Japan describing another temperature-sensitive fluorescent dye briefly mentions that the mitochondria in human cancer cells appear to be 6 to 9°C warmer than the rest of the cell.

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The finding makes sense when you think about it,” says biochemist Nick Lane of University College London, author of a book on mitochondria. “Mitochondria are the main sources of heat, and they have to be hotter than the rest of the body,” he says. "I had never thought about it before."

If mammalian – and presumably bird – mitochondria actually evolved to operate at higher temperatures than we realize, biologists may have to review the many previous experiments that assume they operate at body temperature, Rustin's team writes.

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Mitochondria in cold-blooded plants and animals presumably operate at much lower temperatures, but this is something that now also needs to be checked.

Because mitochondria are energy cells, people can suffer serious illness or even die young if they inherit defective mitochondria. This can now be avoided by replacing the mitochondria in an embryo with those in a donor. [New Scientist]

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